Integrated pest management (IPM) programs are comprehensive, sustainable approaches to managing pests that combine biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools in a way that minimizes risks to human health and the environment. These programs aim to prevent pests from reaching damaging levels by using a combination of strategies tailored to specific pest populations and environmental conditions. IPM programs prioritize the use of non-chemical methods such as habitat manipulation, biological control, and pest-resistant crops, but may also incorporate judicious use of pesticides as a last resort. Overall, IPM programs are designed to promote long-term pest management solutions that are economically viable and environmentally friendly.